Theorist Piaget s Theory - 1439 Words

Theorist Information Piaget 1936 Vygotsky 1960s Chomsky 1957, 1965, 1991 Theory Overview Piaget’s cognitive development theory states that a child’s knowledge comes from his or her experiences as they explore their world (Berk, 2007). Vygotsky’s theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. Through social interaction, children begin to acquire skills that are valued by their culture (Berk, 2007). Chomsky’s theory seeks to explain how children acquire language so quickly. Chomsky asserts that children are born with innate linguistic abilities that are triggered by experience (Universal Grammar 2006). Aspect of Lifespan Development (Module Focus) Cognitive Development Cognitive Development Language Development Theory†¦show more content†¦Application to Learning/Education Piaget’s theory can be applied to learning to help educators develop age appropriate learning environments. This theory is also useful in the development of curriculum and assessment. Vygotsky’s theory is pertinent to successful teaching. Children come to school with a wide range of abilities. It is the teachers responsibility to identify the zone of proximal distance and utilize scaffolding to bring each student to where they need to be developmentally and academically. Understanding that each child has a different frame of reference due to cultural differences is essential to ensuring that teachers are successful in supporting their students’ growth (Grace, 2017). This theory helps us understand learning because it explains how children development their language at such a high rate. It is also helpful because it lets educators know that challenging students above their level of knowledge i s the best way to support students’ growth. Theory: Mechanisms of Change To progress from one stage to the next, an individual must successfully experience each stage. As children explore their environments they are actively developing higher levels of thinking. In order for this theory to be successful, adults must have extensive knowledge on what is expected of children at each stage of development. A teacher must know what level of knowledgeShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of A Child s Social And Emotional Development1377 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopmental theories and how they have impacted modern day society in understanding the development of a child’s social and emotional development. Development is the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan (Santrock, 2008, p.5) Emotional development is the development of a child’s expression, understanding, and how they regulate their emotions from birth through late adolescence. Piaget is one of the first people to look at developmental theory and throughRead MorePiaget Of A Child s Brain Development Theory1057 Words   |  5 Pagesare constantly learning about new theories and expanding the knowledge on those that we already know, about the physical and mental development of Children. Through past and present theorists, we are shown whole new aspects of how a child develops to make up the being that they become. Through Piaget’s ‘Congnitive development theory’ we are shown the stages of a child’s brain development with a strong focus on the ages newborn – 11 years onwards. Piaget’s main theory is that children are able to constructRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the phy sical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreThe Understanding Of Young Children Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesthe collaboration of multiple theories, giving society many insights into the life and development of a young child. Two theorists who act as pillars to the understanding of children are Jean Piaget, a cognitive theorist, and James Baldwin, an early developmental theorist. By analysing the two of them, it becomes clear how their early lives, study and upbringing led to the discovery of such intriguing theories revolved around both learning and development. Jean Piaget was the first child in his familyRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky Theories Of Learning1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of learning In this essay, I will compare and contrast jean Piaget and lev Vygotsky theories of learning. First, I will discuss Piaget followed by Vygotsky then I will compare and contrast both theorists. Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he is known for his contribution to a theory of cognitive development. Piaget became interested in the reasons why children gave the wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrectRead MoreA Comparison of Theorists989 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Comparison of Theorists Maliha-Sameen Saeed ECH-325 December 14, 2014 There are many great theorists for the Early Childhood Education. Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are two of the many theorists that benefit the teachers and parents to comprehend their children learning development. The paper will compare the two theorists and their difference of their cognitive development. Jean Piaget vs. Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget cognitive development theory explained the changes of logicalRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreThe Strengths And Weaknesses Of Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory1356 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget is a key figure for development, focusing on cognitive constructivism – that being that we must learn from experience and development, building on knowledge that has already been developed. The strengths and w eaknesses of Piaget s cognitive development theory will be discussed. Piaget suggests that development in children occurs in four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. During the Sensorimotor stage (between birth and the age of two)Read MoreGeneral Theorists And The General Theories Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagestwo general theorists and one Maori/Pasifika theorist and give an overview of their theories. It will discuss two critical points and explain how these points relate to the chosen theories. It will also relate to the theorists beliefs to the role as a nanny and provide examples of how the theories apply to the development of infants, toddlers, young children and their families. This essay will briefly outline the differences between the Maori theorist and compare the general theorists and includeRead MoreTheories Of Cognitive Development And Comment On Impact On Education1381 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate some theories of cognitive development and comment on the impact they have had on education. This essay will describe and evaluate two of the main three theories concerning cognitive development and comment on how they have impacted education. Cognitive development is the mental process in which we think and how we remember, problem solving and decision making. There are three main theorists that have a theory on cognitive development, Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner. Piaget and Vygotsky are

A Short Note On Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp ) Trade...

Dear Mr. President, I am writing this letter in regards to the involvement of the U.S. in the current negotiations of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement. I would like to address the current flaws that this partnership presents for the United States and how it will negatively affect not only our economy, but the American people as well. This agreement with eleven other Asia-Pacific countries aims to â€Å"open markets, set high-standard trade rules, and address 21st-century issues in the global economy† (Office of the United States Trade Representative). However, I don’t believe pushing forward with this Free-Trade Agreement is the best way to accomplish this goal. The TPP, to its core, is designed very similarly to the North†¦show more content†¦Taking into consideration these three important problems that face the Trans-Pacific Partnership, I believe it would be beneficial for our country to withdraw from negotiations and distance ourselves fr om this trade agreement. The North American Free Trade Agreement is a 20-year-old agreement signed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which â€Å"created the world s largest free trade area, which now links 450 million people producing $17 trillion worth of goods and services† (Office of the United States Trade Representative). While its intentions were to create jobs for the American People, the actual results from this trade agreement have been much more bleak for the U.S. labor force. â€Å"†¦The most significant effect has been a fundamental change in the composition of jobs available to the 63 percent of American workers without a college degree† (Bonior, 2014). The Trans-Pacific Partnership is based strongly off of the layout of the NAFTA, which allows the removal of risks to investors that decide to move production to lower-wage countries. With the implication of the TPP the American people will feel an increased pressure on wages for people competin g against the poorly paid workers abroad where investors have moved their manufacturing. This was a trend that was heavily documented following the enactment of the NAFTA. Today, the United States has a large amount of goods, which were

MBA Admissionss My Three Most Substantial Essay Example For Students

MBA Admissionss My Three Most Substantial Essay Accomplishments MBA College Admissions EssaysMBA Admissions Essays My Three Most Substantial Accomplishments Although trained as an engineer, my most substantial accomplishments have been in non-engineering sectors since the management and finance divisions of my company necessitated my involvement and a change in my career goals. From the early 1990s, after the introduction of the free economy in Poland, almost all of our companies in our family owned business began losing money, and I needed to help save it. There I was, the poor little textile engineer, answering questions asked by people from Citicorp, the agents from Soros Funds, and many other local banks. Despite my lack of business expertise at the time, our issue was overbooked, and by the following three weeks we collected the money from the first privately issued bond in Poland. I worked with a team of highly dedicated and experienced professionals with degrees from the finest institutions of the world. Through teamwork, I helped to save my company; I consider this the biggest achievement in my professional life. My second biggest achievement was again saving the company. Our biggest textile plant, consisting of about seventy percent of our groups asset, was bought through tender from the government of Poland under its denationalizing scheme. The payment was to be made through half-yearly installments, but our company began defaulting in late 1997. By that time Peregrine collapsed, and we were on our own. I proposed the board raise money by offering some of the companys vast vacant land for joint venture. Although the proposal was believed impractical and unattainable, I nevertheless contacted a number of multinationals. Only Cemex Cement of Mexico responded, but our deal eventually fell through and the government began preparing for takeover. As a last minute resort to save the company, I prepared an attractive offer and contacted Scancem of Finland and Holderbank of Switzerland. Holderbank responded and opted for outright purchase of the land. However, they attached a condition that we complete all the formalities needed to set up their plant in Poland before they make any agreement with us. We agreed and started working on the endless list of permits, permissions and licenses that one faces by investing in Poland. I guided the whole process and coordinated the activities of engineers, lawyers, bureaucrats, financial advisors, etc. I also was forced to deal with the highest body of religious law, the Islamic Foundation, since there was a mosque in the designated plot and the mosque had to be relocated a very rare and sensitive issue in Poland. I read a number of books to understand Islamic laws, organized several community meetings, and met the chairman of the Foundation twice to defend our case; we finally got the job done. We succeeded in our mission and on December 17,1998,I signed the Memorandum of Understanding with Cemcor Ltd., the local subsidiary of Holderbank. It was a thrilling moment for me to conclude a deal with the largest cement and clinker producer in the world. With my signing, Poland received the biggest foreign investment ever, excluding power generation and fertilizer sectors. The deal was so complicated that even the sale price would be paid to us by a letter of credit, the first such letter of credit in Poland. My third most important accomplishment was joining my company as the deputy technical director and taking charge of 34 technicians and a number of engineers and assistant engineers. I found that for every single technical problem at least one engineer had to be called upon to advise the technicians. However, I wanted our engineers concentrate on research, and after interviewing every technician, I realized that they needed to be educated as to what quality level to maintain. At the end of the educating process, we gave them decision-making authority. Contrary to the suspicions of many of my colleagues, my plan worked, and our technicians are sufficient enough to handle most problems by themselves. The plant downtime was reduced, and engineers could focus on more value adding affairs. .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 , .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .postImageUrl , .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 , .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:hover , .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:visited , .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:active { border:0!important; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:active , .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820 .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub87de71b0b261e73d1082c70b6709820:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction Essay Improving employee knowledge and empowerment paid off.

Energy Efficiency in OPEC Member Countries

Question: Describe about the Analysis of Historical Trends Through The Energy Coefficient Approach? Answer: Introduction: A critical problem of falling oil prices is faced by today's world economy that significantly increases the aggregate supply of oil importing countries. The price of oil decreased enormously since June 2014 because of weaker demand for the crude oil in the market. The price of oil is set up by the interaction of both supply and demand curve of oil in the market. In recent periods, the oil price has decreased 50% that have a huge impact on business costs and transport cost reduction. So it is a good news for oil importing nations. The demand shock in the market automatically reduced oil price in global market. Except this demand factor, other factors are there, that affect the price of crude oil in global market. The rise of US economy as an effectively shale oil producer is another factor that affect the price of crude oil in global market. In June 2014, the price of oil has reduced by more than 32%. The price of oil was reduced from $115 per barrel to $70 per barrel during mid-2014(Al-Rashed and Len, 2015). An intergovernmental organization, OPEC, tried to fix oil prices since 1960. In 1970, OPEC was established that is the organization of oil exporting nations as they have substantial oil resources and extract it at a low cost of production. Crude oil is important raw material. Nations those have the insufficient amount of natural resources especially crude oil, it is better for those nations to import oil from OPEC countries. These oil importing nations (like UK) use imported oil to build large scale industries. So the cost of production in UK partially depends on the imported oil price(Geise and Piłatowska, 2015). If there is any change in the oil price, that will affect the cost and so as the profits of these industries. The falling oil price has two types of effects in exporting and importing nations. Body: There are many reasons for the decline in oil price in the global market. The supply and demand condition of crude oil determines the short-term fluctuations in prices as well as a long-term trend in prices(Holt, 2015). It is found that prices often fluctuates quickly to surprises even before real changes occur. The reasons for the sharp decline in oil price are- 1. Changes in OPEC objectives: Saudi Arabia often uses its capacity to increase or decrease oil supply of OPEC as earlier it acted as the swing producer of the cartel. In late November, 2014 OPEC decided to keep its production at 30mb/d that indicated a change in cartel's previous objective. It has changed its objective to maintaining a significant share of the market ((THE MONTH IN BRIEF: Prices continue falling, no oil policy change from new Saudi king, and EU considers sanctions on Libya, 2015). 2. Trends in Demand and Supply: The growing demand for alternative energy sources is the another reason behind the falling oil prices. Energy resources are more efficient and eco-friendly than fossil fuel resources, so investment in those resources increases result in a decrease in the fossil fuel investment. US shale oil production has constantly increased that affects the global demand for oil. So the rise of the US economy as a producer of energy resources does not increase the total supply of oil because US economy does not export these resources to other nations. It only decreases the portion of demand for oil in the market that was coming from US economy. 3. US dollar appreciation: In November 2014, the value of US dollar increases that affects the oil demand in the market. Oil is exported and imported in US dollars across the globe so when the dollar appreciates in 2014 it indirectly affects the demand for oil and make oil more expensive for less developed countries(networkideas, 2015). This causes a downward shift of the demand for oil curve(The National Interest, 2015). 4. Recession in other countries: During this period, many Asian countries face a recession that affects the demand for oil in those countries. It is also found that supply disruptions caused by the conflict in Ukraine, Middle East countries have had an effect on the natural gas and oil markets. Short-term Impact on AS curve of importing nations: The falling oil price has direct effects on the production costs of various industries through reduced input costs. Prices of other energy resources are declined due to the substitution effect of falling oil price. As a result, many sectors including paper, aluminum, and petrochemical face a reduction in input cost where oil is the main raw material. The major beneficiaries are manufacturing industries; agricultural sectors, etc. produce more output in the market. The so aggregate supply of importing nations increases. So people of that country have more products to consume. Oil price reduction increases the real income of oil importing countries. Reduced oil price increases the total supply in the economy, so it reduces the price level. Without an increase in monetary income, people of these countries now feel wealthier because price level falls( Real income is monetary income divided by price) (Finlay and Price, 2015). The marginal propensity to expend increases that affect the total expenditure on products. It is like a tax cut for the people of those countries. People have now more purchasing power than before. Increased real income brings more opportunities to spend rather than to save. Graph 1: Effects of falling oil price on AS curve of oil importing nations In the above figure, it is clear that a decline in oil price has increased the total supply of the economy by making a rightward shift of the aggregate supply curve. So the total production increases and the price level decreases that results in reduced inflation rate. AS0 is the previous supply curve that shifts to AS1. AD0 is the aggregate demand for the economy. There is an increase in real output from q0 to q1 and price level reduces from p0 to p1 . A drop in the oil price causes lower price that means lower inflation and higher cost of living. So the value of imports of importing countries declines that eventually reduces the current account deficits. Falling oil prices reduces expected inflation rate below the targeted level of inflation(Ozdemir and Akgul, 2015). Depending upon the share of oil imports in GDP, it is found that a 10% reduction in the price of oil increases the growth of oil importing countries by 0.5%. So a price of oil and growth of importing countries are negatively correlated. UK economy is growing at a rate of 2.9% that is more expected in the last November(Economicshelp.org, 2014). Falling oil prices reduces transportation and oil related business costs as now these countries import more oil at a lower price. Cost of living of oil importing nations increases due to this fluctuation in price. Lower oil price reduces the cost of production of energy-intensive goods that leads to higher investment in the production(Means, Wynveen and Fann, 2015). The falling oil price has macroeconomic impacts as it raises the cost of living of oil importing nations(Worldbank.org, 2015). Demand and supply of oil are affected by the lower price of oil in the market. Other effects: Falling oil prices indirectly reduces the price of other alternative energy saving resources that eventually reduces the profits of those producers. A drop in oil prices delays the investments into other sources of energy that are more eco-friendly technology-based energy sources like it reduces the use of electric cars(Pierru and Matar, 2014). As oil prices decreases the use of cars rises that brings environmental costs of petrol use with an increase in traffic congestion. Long term effects: The long-term picture is different from the short term effects. At recent days, the biggest danger in European countries is 'fear of deflation'. As inflation at the mild rate is healthy for an economy otherwise, production and employment will decrease(Sotoudeh and Worthington, 2014). At recent days, there is a slide towards deflation as a result of falling oil price. This increases the real debt burden to European countries that will be harder to mitigate. So given deflation consumers are likely to save rather than to spend that makes deflation an actual possibility(riksbank, 2015). Conclusion: Since 1960 OPEC countries have been trying to stabilize the oil price in the market. In November 2014, the price of oil decreases more than 32% results in an increase in the aggregate supply in the oil importing nations. There are many factors behind the shortfall in the oil price. The rise of the US economy as a producer of shale oil reduces a portion of demand for oil in the global market. Besides this factor, appreciation in US dollar, recession in Asian countries, are important factors that reduce the oil price though falling oil price has positive impacts on the oil importing countries. It reduces the inflation rate, raises the cost of living and output of the economy but, in the long run, the picture is different from the short-term situation. In the long run the fear of deflation arises that is a nightmare of European economies. So it can be concluded that shock in oil price has positive effects in a short term but has negative effects in the long run. References Al-Rashed, Y. and Len, J. (2015). Energy efficiency in OPEC member countries: Analysis Of Historical Trends Through The Energy Coefficient Approach. OPEC Energy Review, 39(1), pp.77-102. Economicshelp.org, (2014). Impact of falling oil prices | Economics Help. [online] Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/11738/oil/impact-of-falling-oil-prices/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2015]. Finlay, R. and Price, F. (2015). Household saving in Australia. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 15(2). Geise, A. and Piatowska, M. (2015). Oil Prices, Production and Inflation in the Selected EU Countries: Threshold Cointegration Approach. DEM, 14, p.71. Holt, R. (2015). Falling Behind? Boom, Bust, and the Global Race for Scientific Talent. Phys. Today, 68(3), pp.48-50. Means, E., Wynveen, J. and Fann, J. (2015). The Sky is Falling - Again: Oil Price: Biggest Factor Affecting the Industry. The Way Ahead, 11(02), pp.18-20. networkideas, (2015). Oil Prices and the US Dollar. [online] Available at: https://www.networkideas.org/news/mar2008/oil_prices.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2015]. Ozdemir, S. and Akgul, I. (2015). Inflationary effects of oil prices and domestic gasoline prices: Markov-switching-VAR analysis. Petroleum Science, 12(2), pp.355-365. Pierru, A. and Matar, W. (2014). The Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Welfare in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Implications for Public Investment Decision-making. EJ, 35(2). riksbank, (2015). Effects of the falling oil price on the global economy. [online] Available at: https://www.riksbank.se/Documents/Rapporter/PPR/2015/150212/rap_ppr_ruta2_150212_eng.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2015]. Sotoudeh, M. and Worthington, A. (2014). Long-term effects of global oil price changes on the macroeconomy and financial markets: a comparative panel co-integration approach. Applied Economics Letters, 22(12), pp.960-966. THE MONTH IN BRIEF: Prices continue falling, no oil policy change from new Saudi king, and EU considers sanctions on Libya. (2015). Oil and Energy Trends, 40(2), pp.6-6. The National Interest, (2015). A Rising Dollar + Falling Oil Prices = Big Problems?. [online] Available at: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/rising-dollar-falling-oil-prices-big-problems-12182 [Accessed 9 Aug. 2015]. Worldbank.org, (2015). Most Developing Countries Will Benefit from Oil Price Slump, Says World Bank Group. [online] Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/01/07/most-developing-countries-benefit-oil-price-slump-world-bank-group [Accessed 9 Aug. 2015].