Gandhian Values

Gandhian Values and its Relevance to me as a Future Leader : Ajay Dixit (10BEC1007) Amidst the environment of strain, viciousness, contrasts of feeling, joblessness and expansion all around, today the inquiry is being raised over and over about the importance of Gandhian way of thinking which depends on truth and peacefulness. In any case, a large portion of the individuals who contradict Gandhi's considerations sadly are Indians and not outsiders. These individuals didn't feel the importance of Gandhian considerations in any event, when he was alive. This sentiment of conflict with Gandhian way of thinking brought about his assassination.Society is experiencing a corrupted stage which ought to be repudiated so humankind continues in this world for a considerable length of time. Today when we are encircled by the powers of dimness, we need a pioneer like Gandhi, a man of uncommon boldness, character, and mystique, who sets out to come clean, who can beat savagery with peacefulness, a nd who shows us the best approach to light. Gandhi and his twin standards of satya (truth) and ahimsa (peacefulness) are more important today than some other time in mankind's history, and the Gandhian style of satyagraha is by all accounts the main powerful and sober minded, moral likeness war in these pained times.Gandhi said as well as demonstrated us the way that, â€Å"nonviolence is interminably better than violence,† and the spirit power is undeniably more strong than the beast power. Gandhi was agreeable to utilizing the musings against the arms and not the arms against the arms, to battle treachery and imbalance. He gave a deadly implement to the mankind where there was no compelling reason to raise arms or make foes. He had faith in changing the general public with his considerations and not with the force or force.After the overwhelming pulverization of property and lives in the World War II, when there was nothing but bad in the war, finally in 1945, the United Na tions Organization made assertion as indicated by the contemplations of Gandhi. That was, ‘war is no answer for any issue so all issues ought to be explained through shared conversations'. All the individuals from the UNO marked this harmony proposition. Leader of United States, Obama, has been roused by Mahatma Gandhi. Obama has fixed a representation of Mahatma Gandhi in his office, where he is seen passing on the message of peace.Obama is dazzled with those incredible ways of thinking of Gandhi in which Gandhi motivated the world society to confront the devastating arrangements with serene ones. Obama acknowledges Gandhi as his venerated image and took motivation from the image of Gandhi in his office. He says that this image of Gandhi consistently advises him that genuine outcomes don't originate from Washington yet from general society. Obama says that Gandhi was to choose another option while getting India liberated from the British standard, and he chose mental fortitud e instead of fear.Obama, who discusses the Great change on the planet and discovers arrangement of the issues while following the way of peacefulness, is feeling the significance of Gandhian beliefs in this time of savagery and psychological oppression. Gandhi being an admirer of peacefulness obviously comprehended that savagery is no answer for any issue. As the psychological warfare and brutality are far reaching on the planet today, there appears pertinence of Gandhian standards all over the place. Practically all the nations of the world including America are confronting the severest financial downturn since World War II. Gandhiji was against the huge businesses and was stressed over the expanding industrialization.He used to ring the arrangement of industrialization as ‘satanic set up'. Gandhi was of the feeling that the industrialization set up depended on the abuse of man by man. The imbalance will increment in the industrialization set up and there can't be equity. Tod ay the expanding joblessness in India and more industrialization has helped the pertinence to remember Gandhian considerations. Remembering India for such a significant number of nations today, little scope enterprises, bungalow ventures and businesses run by the laborers are lying closed and the people associated with such ventures have been seriously affected.Where ever such ventures are running; the poor workers, normal man and the specialist bunches are not really ready to get by. Gandhiji consistently thought about the government assistance of the poor as the focal point of the war of freedom. I figure the most ideal approach to teach our youngsters on Gandhian strategies is clarify the explanations behind savagery on the planet, which is narrow mindedness of individuals that look/talk/carry on uniquely in contrast to us. Teaching them about the unity all things considered, paying little heed to race and strict assorted variety. Likewise, we ought to instruct our kids about the genuine message of world religions, and clarify how religion has een truly (and is at present being) abused for childish political and psychological oppressor plans. Today, individuals who are dynamic in governmental issues, for the most part have the intention of increases by getting political force. The so said political pioneer ought to have power for social assistance or issues for improvement and progress or for destruction of absence of education and joblessness, for giving wellbeing administrations or to giving fundamental enhancements like streets, power and water. For these, they ought to go among the voters and complete help for the works by them. Precisely inverse, presently there are endeavors to get the force as ‘fruit' without doing any labour.The consequence of this easy route selection is that communalism and debasement is prospering all through India. Numerous different nations of the world are additionally feeling the warmth of communalism and casteism. At c ertain spots, shared mobs are induced only for common polarization and in this way to make simple and early approach to control. At certain spots, contrasts of language, position and statement of faith are spread. At present, some intolerant pioneers of a specific state who are likewise heading local ideological groups in India are utilizing thin considerations to spread contempt against North Indians.It isn't a kind of work, work or activity however a basic preliminary to get the outcome or ‘fruit' of intensity. Such individuals leave strategies, standards and even mankind. They don't stop for a second to take choices of the most minimal level just to get the insidious intentions. Gandhi never took choices based on lion's share. He looked all the networks similarly might be the Hindus, the Muslims, the Sikhs or the Christians or some other. His significant riches was his considerations of harmony, love, amicability, truth and non-violence.But the individuals, whose legislativ e issues depended on communalism, maybe didn't care for his approach of public concordance. At long last, a fundamentalist Hindu shot him. Be that as it may, after his penance, his musings turned out to be progressively mainstream. May be that, pundits of that incredible soul are more in number in India yet every guest to India from a remote nation who might be a leader of the nation, visit Rajghat and pay tribute. Today, everywhere throughout the world, where there are harmony walks, all recollect Gandhi. So there is no repudiating that the musings of Gandhi are pertinent even at present and would remain for eternity.

Information system in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Data framework in Management - Essay Example It is in this manner clear that by recognizing quality position, business can exploit, wipe out wrong circumstances and inevitably making practical bit of leeway. Provider power is one of the significant powers which help business to decide simplicity of driving up costs by the providers. Business may balance this power by normalizing details in parts for it to change among providers without any problem. Business may choose to include more merchants or even change innovation to wipe out meeting up of solid providers. By normalizing particulars, including more sellers and evolving innovations, it is anything but difficult to debilitate provider power henceforth making reasonable preferred position (Porter, 2008). Also, there is purchaser power which incorporates the quantity of purchasers just as their significance to the business. Business would have practical bit of leeway if the quantity of purchasers who can control the business and drop down weight. Business ought to in this manner endeavor to scatter their purchasers and guarantee that not a couple of purchasers can control it by directing value-based terms. In addition, business may have enormous quality if there are not many rivals in the business. Serious competition is an exceptionally critical power that each association must take genuine note of. For maintainable favorable position, a firm may choose to separate her items and include an incentive as a method of remaining in front of their rivals. This will likewise lessen the danger of replacement through providing of special items that can't be handily subbed henceforth boosting a business power. Moreover, danger of new passage is significant on the grounds that the simpler it is to enter the market because of insignificant expense and time, the greater the danger. An association should attempt however much as could reasonably be expected to monitor her key innovations and increment monetary of scales which fortifies solid hindrances thus giving great position (Porter, 2008). It is significant for each business to make an incentive since it is out of the worth made

Plugged In or Plugged Out?

The mechanical age has unfolded upon us. 80 percent of Americans own a PC; they're continually sucked into their iPods, iPhones, Blackberries, TVs, PCs †and so on †from the time they stir to the time they nod off. American young people, naturally introduced to this universe of innovation when it started to take off during the 1990s, get themselves totally calm with PCs, a characteristic that is, up until this point, interesting to their age. Schools have gradually begun to actualize new innovations into the homeroom †the most recent PCs, tablets, projectors, keen sheets †anyway schools must be fatigued of presenting a lot of new innovation, on the grounds that as informative as they can be, they can likewise be troublesome and perilous. At the point when the correct parity is discovered, the government funded educational system †and the understudies †will without a doubt flourish. The Internet, blasting into the homes of Americans during the 1990s, reformed American life. Whole organizations can be made and wrecked with the snap of a mouse; specialists and attendants depend on it to store clinical records and guarantee the soundness of their patients. Papers, once so basic to American life, and in molding the historical backdrop of our country, have been totally supplanted with online news sites, and organizations have figured out how to adjust to publicize and sell in the online world, when they had recently been constrained uniquely to print, TV and radio. Incalculable quantities of understudy assist sites with having opened; the school application process improved. Indeed, the Internet is a fantastic spot, overflowing with information, yet it is additionally a reproducing ground for cheating and counterfeiting. To go with the legit instructive sites, there are locales with prewritten articles †pay a little charge, reorder, and you're finished. Understudies misuse sites, for example, Sparknotes and Cliffsnotes as opposed to perusing the book that they're alloted, and they depend on web crawlers, for example, Google to get their work done for them. The salacious substance, showed so strongly and gladly, sprinkled over the pages of a large number of sites, is likewise an issue for schools †one wrong snap on a web crawler and you could be seeing something you never needed to see. It's a chaotic situation in the internet, and there is unquestionably no quality control, as the Supreme Court controlled it an infringement of protection to direct free discourse on the web. Despite the fact that innovation to vanquish these issues is in wide us e †Turnitin, a literary theft finder, and different Internet blocking frameworks are only a couple †they are never 100 percent fruitful in their mission to make the Internet a less abominable spot. In any case, by playing it safe, schools can secure their understudies and still guarantee they approach the instructive apparatuses the web gives. Peruse additionally Twitter Case Study Innovation has affected our every day schedule so much that once in a while do we ever end up utilizing the â€Å"old-fashioned† pen and paper. For what reason would we have to? We have mobile phones to store telephone numbers in and word processors to compose papers in. In any event, keeping a diary appears to be a relic of days gone by when our lives are recorded so well by Facebook, Twitter, and different blogging destinations. Pens and pencils have been traded for a console, paper traded for a word processor. Be that as it may, this isn't really an awful thing; with less paper utilization comes a more beneficial Earth. This is the thing that digital books, for example, the Kindle endeavor to achieve. They read simply like a book, store as much as 10,000 books, are very lightweight and versatile, and, obviously, utilize no paper. Reading material are accessible for buy through these digital books for a large portion of the expense of customary course readings, and executing them in schools couldn't just spare nature †they could likewise set aside cash. The world is at the fingertips of understudies utilizing the Internet †actually. One can take a voyage through Paris, London or Rome, and even stroll on the outside of the Moon or Mars utilizing Google Maps. Google Art Project allows understudies to investigate craftsmanship historical centers the world over, seeing old and new perfect works of art with the snap of a catch. They can without much of a stretch have an easygoing discussion by means of webcam in their preferred unknown dialect with somebody who lives most of the way over the world. The can speak with their educators promptly outside of school and learn more than ever. So what's preventing schools from putting resources into this new abundance of innovation for the improvement of their understudy body? With adequate Internet assurance set up, understudies can learn better, and all the more rapidly and viably, than at any other time. On the off chance that the cutting edge is appropriately outfitted with the correct innovation, they sky will never again be the cutoff; they can try to achieve the impossible and past.

Role of Kathleen and Linda in The Things They Carried - Literature Essay Samples

Throughout The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien often alludes to Kathleen, his daughter, and Linda, his childhood friend with cancer. However, Kathleen and Linda do not exist. O’Brien includes them in his story because they allow him to interact with the reader within the text without actually interacting with the reader personally. Kathleen represents the reader in the text, one who can interact with Tim O’Brien and alter the things he says. Linda, on the other hand, represents the way storytelling and memory can alleviate the pain in any traumatic situation in the past. Kathleen appears in O’Brien’s stories many times, most notably in â€Å"Field Trip† where O’Brien takes Kathleen, his daughter to Vietnam on vacation. The difficulty of explaining his experiences in Vietnam to Kathleen is evident in the frustration of his tone when he says, â€Å"At the same time, however, she’d seemed a bit puzzled. The war was as rem ote to her as dinosaurs and cavemen.† (183) If Kathleen represents the reader, this suggests that O’Brien believes we are similarly out of touch, requiring explanation for everything he says and does. This idea of Kathleen as the reader is evident in this exchange: â€Å"Kathleen sighed. ‘Well I don’t get it. I mean, how come you were even here in the first place?’ ‘I don’t know,’ I said, ‘Because I had to be.’ ‘But why?’†(183) Her misunderstanding and need for explanation are apparent, and it is equivalent to the reaction of a reader to the text. But what is also on display here is O’Brien’s almost disinterest with the explanation. â€Å"Because I had to be† is never an adequate response to a child’s curious nature. O’Brien’s disinterest suggests that he does not care if the reader does not understand or like what he is saying, or not know why he is sa ying it. He is simply writing to alleviate the pressures on his mind. Writing serves many purposes for him, first and foremost as a method of catharsis, a way in which to alleviate such traumatic memories of what happened in Vietnam. It is also possible that in the dialogue quoted above, Kathleen takes the form of O’Brien’s inner conscience, a conscience perhaps still confused about the purpose of the war, and his role in the war. In â€Å"On the Rainy River†, O’Brien describes his doubts and fears about going to the war after getting the request of his presence in Vietnam. Perhaps, as mentioned above, Kathleen is a representation of those questions that still remain, a literal figure to ask them without O’Brien having to leave character in the story. Linda is portrayed in â€Å"The Lives of the Dead† as Timmy’s nine year old friend and his first true love. It is revealed later that she has a brain tumor, and she subsequently d ies, much to the dismay of a young Tim. O’Brien include her in the story to illustrate the healing power of imagination, and also to foreshadow events. O’Brien’s immortalization of her is similar to his immortalization of Kiowa later; through writing, he make those meaningful people in his life eternal through stories. While Linda does not exist, she provides a way for O’Brien to describe a truth without breaking character. O’Brien tries to explain his methods with a quote on page 230 when he says, â€Å"The things about a story is that you dream it as you tell it, hoping that others might then dream along with you, and in this way memory and imagination and language combine to make spirits in the head.† (230) He is revealing that the origin of stories is dreams, and that the origin of his storytelling career started with his dreams about Linda: â€Å"Lying in bed at night, I made up elaborate stories to bring Linda alive in my sleep. I invented my own dreams.† (243) Linda and Kathleen are included in this book for separate reasons. Kathleen is the materialization of the reader in the text, who, to O’Brien, seems childish and naà ¯ve when it comes to Vietnam. Linda is O’Brien’s way of demonstrating his theory on story-telling: its purposes and origins. The inclusion of the two characters into the story effectively demonstrate O’Brien’s desire to stay in character while explaining the truths of his experience.

The Theory Of Aristotle s Theory - 1488 Words

nam Dorji 11/18/14 PHL-251 Idle Regression Similar to Heraclitus, Aristotle finds that everything is in a constant state of flux. For Aristotle flux, or movement, is dependent on something acting on the thing that is being moved, the mover. Thus, in Aristotle’s Physics we are first introduced to the topic of the unmoved mover: that which moves without being moved, also formally known as the Prime mover. Historically this theory has resulted in a monotheistic concept that has been advanced not only by Aristotle, but also thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas. As a primarily cause or mover of all the motion in the universe, the primary mover is a complex that is surrounded by much controversy. This paper analyzes the first mover from a Buddhist point of view. I will first present Aristotle’s claims and then attempt to disprove them from a holistically dependent Buddhist complex. I will then present the Buddhist complex to assert that identifying the first mover or the causation of the first mover is objectively diffic ult. Aristotle’s Physics, is broken into two main focuses. The first four books raise inquiry onto nature. In contrast books five to eight emphases the treatment of motion. For the sake of this paper we shall focus on the latter. Unlike his predecessors, specifically Socrates’ aporia, Aristotle provides explicit definitions of his concepts. In book eight he establishes that the primary mover is at the center of the cosmos. Aristotle argues that for every motionShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Theory Of Aristotle1629 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle Exam Similar to the teachings of his mentor, Plato, Aristotle’s philosophy finds its answers to major questions from the perspective of the teleological worldview. 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In this paper, I will discuss both philosophies in principle and practice, while giving insight to how to they may function in a modern world situation. Although both theories have usefulRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Happiness1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmental and physical health. Every person wants to experience true happiness throughout his/her life. Nevertheless, everyone is suffering finding sustainable happiness. Aristotle, in his work called Nicomachean Ethics, presents the concept that living a virtuous life will produce sustainable happiness for a lifetime. According to Aristotle, everything we do aims to some goods, or ends, and for him, the best good would be happiness. Additionally, he mentions that happiness is not easy to defined, someRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Philosophy1904 Words   |  8 Pagessupported them through various means. Aristotle is one of the most famous examples of a philosopher that does exactly that. Though mainly the influence was on the ancient world, his theories have a wide variety and assortment that has been an extreme influence on generations of philosophers even today. Aristotle’s efforts were able to answer questions that had been within the minds of Greeks for centuries! For a few examples, reality is explained through his theories as well as if it changes from ourRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Nature Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pageselements(Physics 84a. 14-15). To exhibit we have knowledge of a specific subject matter we have to display and vocalize the contributing components that describe the subject. Aristotle titles these principles, causes and elements as previously listed.Therefore, the knowledge of nature must aris e with questioning principles. Aristotle contends that only the elements and principles can be revealed once going from the proclaimed universal to the particular(Physics 184a.24). This paper will examine the particularRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle s Theory Of Moral Virtue1229 Words   |  5 PagesNietzsche and Aristotle were two of the most significant philosopher of not only their time but their works has lasted throughout the centuries to influence even some today’s greatest minds. Their works however could not be any separated, Aristotle is a prominent figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of great thinkers such as Plato and SocratesRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Truth1904 Words   |  8 PagesEver since the beginning of time, humanity has had an insane infatuation towards knowing and pinpointing the truth. For truth provided that sense of reassurance and acceptance that a belief and/or theory adequately did. Truth clarified outrageous beliefs, proved others wrong and gave the gift of certainty. Ironically, however, the word â€Å"truth† itself is difficult, vague and quite puzzling to define, although it could very well be the difference between life and death, innocence and guiltiness. LikeRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle s Moral Theory3135 Words   |  13 Pagesis a reputable temperament for deliberate and free conduct of the proper sort. In providing the central concept of a morally adequate lifestyle, such concept of a state of character or virtue is essential in the fulfillment of morality. To which, Aristotle states throughout Nichomachean Ethics, as well as other philosophers, is the question of moral philosophy, not simply how one is to be conducted and be perceived in life, but how one is to become readily disposed so that such actions are viably possible

Human and Computers Interaction - 587 Words

Human Computer Interaction we are all familiar with, a trait characteristic of all humankind that emerged in the early 1980s that started embracing computer science and human factors that would interact with computer. There has been study of how the users of computers utilize them to complete tasks in the environment they will finally be used in. Human Computer Interaction is not just designed for one user and then another user comes along to use it. When been created an HCI system it would have to be considering how the users will interact with computer devices. Human Computer Interaction all aspects have been included in the tasks to be completed, in the technology that will be used by the user (e.g. input/output), how they will interact with the system. Therefore, human computer interaction has become increasingly popular and is important to our society. Over one hundred years ago before, the word computer started to appear in our dictionary people didn’t even know what a c omputer is. Now Human Computer Interaction has expanded rapidly and steadily over three decades. Until the late 1970s, the only humans who interacted with computers were information technology professionals and dedicated hobbyists. This changed disruptively with the emergence of personal computing in the later 1970s. Personal computing, including both personal software (productivity applications, such as text editors and spreadsheets, and interactive computer games) and personal computer platformsShow MoreRelatedHuman Computer Interaction1508 Words   |  7 Pagesa significant impact on human life process. What was on the top of the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is now performing a vital role in each human life. Due to the swift growth in the technology industry and hardware and software development computerized systems and machines are used on an everyday basis by almost everyone, even people from different fields which are not related to computing. Major sectors such as aviation, he althcare, banking and education adopted computer technology to improve productivityRead MoreHuman-Computer Interaction718 Words   |  3 Pageshealthcare, Human-Computer Interaction has to play a major role. New software is currently being implemented in the hospital setting and many unintentional errors are beginning to arise. These unintentional errors lead healthcare providers to find workarounds. In order to understand why Human-Computer Interaction is so important I will discuss what Human-Computer Interaction is, my personal experience using it, and the procedures put into place to make improvements. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) isRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction : Computer Interface1250 Words   |  5 PagesHuman – Computer Interface The Human-Computer Interaction, as defined by Margret Rouse, â€Å"HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings (Rouse. 2005).† As the need for computer interaction increased, better means of interacting with computer software became a necessity. The original human-computer interaction involved punch cards, and switches, then programmers hadRead MoreThe Importance Of Human Computer Interaction1110 Words   |  5 Pagesapplications. Human computer interaction in its purest form, encapsulates the ways in which we engage with software through input and output. 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Further, emotions are not just limited to our personalRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction ( Hci ) Essay1792 Words   |  8 PagesThe expression of emotion is a distinguishing feature of the human beings. The implication here is not that the other beings are incapable of expressing emotions, but we are great at grasping emotions of our fellow beings. The emotions play an important role in the decisions we make in our day-to-day lives. We expr ess emotions in almost everything we do, for example; we express anger when we face atrocities, sadness when we hear news of demise, and celebrate with happiness when we achieve our goalsRead MoreDecision Systems And Human Computer Interaction Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesponder about underlying intelligent systems at play, including the possible reasons for search engine’s failure to present the expected results. This incident was phenomenal in transforming my way of thinking about recommendation systems and Human-Computer Interaction. 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The article highlights how human-computer interactions incorporated into computer systems are continuously evolving to provide a more personal, efficient and user friendly experience. This has further extended onto systems that

My Vision to My Country free essay sample

Talibanâ€Å"I belive that no country can prosper until the people themselves realises the worth of their country†. Unity, Faith and Discipline, was the slogan of Mohammad Ali Jinnah but unfortunatley few follow him. Today we are fighting,we are arrogantt and most of all we have corrupt politicans OVERVIEW It is an undeniable and well-established fact the last decade was disastrous for Pakistan. While many developing nations made substantial progress, Pakistan lurched from one Energy and economic crisis to another, mainly of its own making. Weak macroeconomic management, lack of commitment and courage to undertake difficult structural reforms, a personalized and politicized state of decision-making and alarming levels of corruption were typical of the quality of governance. Commercial banks and other financial institutions became instruments of political patronage and profit for favored cronies. The gross mismanagement of public sector enterprises like the Electricity,Water amp; Power Development Authority, the railways, Pakistan Steel Mills, Pakistan National Shipping Corporation and Pakistan International Airlines, NICL and Hajj Scandle added further to the problems. We will write a custom essay sample on My Vision to My Country or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Failures in enhancing revenues consistent with growing expenditure requirements, decline in exports and other foreign exchange inflows, imbalances and vitiated caused the insecurity to foregin companies to invest in pakistan. On the political side, successive governments during this decade pursued twin agendas of blatant self-aggrandizement and ruthless revenge. In last 5 years level of living gets down and down and people are unable to get even Necessities of Life. Undesireable and unpredictable load shedding is the gift of Last Government. In the comity of nations, Pakistan faced isolation and remained on the defensive on a number of issues, which were vital to its international standing. Such a state of affairs had a far-reaching impact on the country’s economic well-being. There was despondency among all, as many began to talk of Pakistan â€Å"as a failed state†. Here i will Discuss Major Problems those are currently Facing by Pakistan and What’ s My Vision to Rectify these Problems. PROBLEMS CURRENTLY FACING BY PAKISTAN. ENERGY SHORTAGES: Electricity shortages nearly doubled under the PPP compared with the previous administration. Some places in Pakistan suffer blackouts for up to 18 to 20 hours a day during these months. The country also has experienced increased shortages of natural gas, which were felt acutely during the winter because many people rely on natural gas to heat their homes as well as cook. Spending on energy subsidies and failing public enterprises has helped sap the governments funds, which are much lower than they should be because of ineffective tax collection. The combination of these factors means the government will likely have to seek yet another unpopular bailout from the International Monetary Fund. FALTERING ECONOMIC GROWTH: The economy has grown at less than 4 percent a year under the most recent government, which was led by the Pakistan Peoples Party and governed for five years. That is much lower than the rates during the previous administration, which at times hovered near 7 percent. Under the most recent government, inflation spiked, reaching an annualized rate of around 25 percent in some months. However, the inflation rate has fallen and averaged around 11 percent last year. BAD LAW AND ORDER SITUATION: The military has launched numerous operations against the Pakistani Taliban in the countrys northwest tribal region along the Afghan border during the past five years. Analysts say the operations and U. S. drone attacks against militants in the tribal region have helped produce a significant decline in overall levels of violence in 2011 and 2012. But the Taliban have remained a potent threat, including during the election campaign. The group carried out near-daily attacks against election candidates and offices that killed more than 130 people. The militants mostly targeted liberal secular parties that supported operations against the Taliban. Sectarian violence by radical Sunni Muslim militants against minority Shiites also has significantly worsened in recent months. he prospects of achieving higher economic growth, indispensable for reducing poverty, will depend on the ability of the country to unlock the creative energies of the people. Besides education we also need to invest in health and population planning. We Can Do It. Pakistan has lived through a difficult and testing period in the not-too-distant past. Its economy was fragile, the balance of payments was highly vulnerable to external shocks, the country’s debt burden had reached alarming proportions, financial indiscipline was the order of the day and the country’s foreign exchange reserves were at dangerously low levels. After four-and-a-half years of hard work, Pakistan’s economy is now resurgent and the balance of payments has never been as comfortable. Notwithstanding the impressive progress made so far, the government must not be complacent, as the country has not yet realized its true potential. The 150 million people of Pakistan have enormous potential to excel in many areas. Their intelligence, their dynamism and their ability to learn are second to none. What is required is the unlocking of the creative energies of the people. My vision of a strong, vibrant, stable and moderate Pakistan playing an effective role in the world is based on my faith in the people of Pakistan. If we stay the course, I am confident that the desired results can and will be achieved. Let us together make Pakistan a better place to live in and bequeath a stronger country to our current and future generation is an undeniable and well-established fact that the decade of the 1990s was disastrous for Pakistan. While many developing nations made substantial progress, Pakistan lurched from one economic crisis to another, mainly of its own making. Weak macroeconomic management, lack of commitment and courage to undertake difficult structural reforms, a personalized and politicized state of decision-making and alarming levels of corruption were typical of the quality of governance. Appalling economic decisions hyped on populist slogans were symbolic of the freewheeling decision-making that led to the incurring of huge debt.

Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest and Heart of Darkness

Oscar Wilde’s comedy, The Importance of Being Earnest, is a satire of everything stuffy and constrictive in the 19th and early 20th century. It shows the modern reader how different life was back then, and also how much remains the same. The play explores the theme of the relations between the sexes. It also highlights the way that all of us cherish illusions about ourselves and others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest and Heart of Darkness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wilde spares no one. Everyone is ridiculous. John Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, for example, are self-centered and, of course, almost entirely idle. The fashionable, urban, Gwendolen Fairfax is a schemer, but her supposedly unsophisticated rural counterpart, Cecily Cardew, is equally calculating. The dowager Lady Bracknell plays the game of marriage politics, is un-motherly, and a sn ob. Even Miss Prism, the governess, is a foolish and fallible creature. Canon Chasuble seems totally unconnected with spirituality. They are all skewered with equal ferocity. Only the butlers seem relatively free of idiocies. The social constraints on women and men in expressing their feelings for one another are also parodied. A modern couple would not have to answer to Lady Bracknell to obtain permission to marry. On the other hand, girls still fantasize about boys they like. Today, however, they might post blog posts of fan fiction instead of writing an imaginary diary, as Cecily did. Wilde also satirizes the class distinctions that obsessed so many people. For example, Algernon deplores the lax morals of the servant class. However, he himself lives by fibs and outright lies. This play holds up a mirror to all of us, even after a century. People are foolish and they don’t always see themselves or others honestly and fully. Wilde shows us this with immense humor. The Heart of Darkness, exploring the impact of interior Africa on European colonials, seems at first glance to be filled with racist references. However, this impression dissipates when the story is more closely examined. Conrad actually seems deeply sympathetic with the indigenous people, and their oppression and near-enslavement by the colonial personnel.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The descriptions of the landscape provide a vivid sense of the way that Europeans felt when confronted with an utterly alien landscape, flora, fauna, and people. Conrad, for example, repeatedly notes the darkness and the thickness of the forest, even a short distance from the shore, and speaks of the darkness at its center. He is talking here as much about the unknown rather than an absence of light, although rain forests can be dark. The skillful speech of Mr. Kurtz is even described as being light c oming out of the deep darkness of the continent. The author is trying to convey the complete lack of fit between most of the expectations, behaviors, planning and responses of the colonials, on the one hand, and the realities of the continent itself, on the other. In spite of the greater firepower that the colonials possess, Conrad shows the reader, disease and madness claim many casualties. This reminds the modern reader of the way that high tech armies throw themselves at trouble spots around the world, and end up baffled and ineffective. The land, the climate, the terrain, and the people, just make overcoming the local situation nearly impossible. This novel makes the extraction of ivory and other resources seem all the more ludicrous, and wasteful of lives. Conrad makes a powerful and moving argument against the whole colonial enterprise, in spite of using the racist locutions that were common in his era. This book should perhaps always be read in concert with some literature by Africans themselves, just to give a different perspective on the region and its issues. This essay on Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest and Heart of Darkness was written and submitted by user Harlow Hebert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

reform of the voting system essays

reform of the voting system essays There are 659 MPs who are members of the House of Commons. In order to have a majority and form a workable Government, a political party needs 330 MPs. Currently, the composition of the Commons is: Social Democratic Ulster Democratic Unionist Party 5 (Stands as "Speaker seeking re-election") 1 In practice, you can see that because there are quite a few smaller parties, it would be possible to form a strong government with fewer than 330 MPs; however, such a government would also be vulnerable if all the opposing MPs voted against it. MPs each represent a constituency, a local area, such as Loughborough, Charnwood, Hertlepool, North Norfolk, Leicester South. Roughly speaking, the same number of people live in each constituency. At the 2001 General Election, the Isle of Wight had the largest number of electors - over 104,000. The smallest number of electors - some 21,900 - was to be found in the Western Isles. The constituency of Ross, Skye and Inverness West was the largest by area at 918,319 hectares. The smallest by area was Islington North at 727 hectares. At an election voters place one vote in their home constituency for the candidate they choose such as, Labour, Conservative, Liberal Democrat, Monster Raving Loony Party, Independent etc. The candidate with the most votes is elected to serve as an MP until the next election. In most cases the turnout (those who vote) is around 60%. The party with the most MPs across the whole country forms the Government. However, in some constituencies one party has such a high level of support that the other parties have little chance of winning. For ...

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection Paper - Essay Example At the same time, though most people knew what the laws called for, it was still too early to tell the measures their respective State governments would take. While some states adopted the laws as they were, others introduced to exceptions, making the laws almost unattainable. Eminent domain Eminent domain generally refers to the power of the government to control all the property within its territory and appropriate it for public use. In the United States, these powers have been delegated to the respective state governments (Weinstein, 2006). However, the government must undertake several steps before acquiring private property for public use. This applies regardless of whether the acquisition is complete, partial, temporary or right of way. In all the cases, the government is supposed to pay a fair price for the property, which is usually the fair market value or the highest price one can pay for the property in an open market. At times, the government may go further to ensure that there is fair compensation for the property taken. This includes for example, finding a premise for a going-concern business or paying relocation costs to individuals moving from their homes. After undertaking all the steps, the government must ensure that the acquired property is for public use, as any other purpose would make the process null and void (Larson, 2004). These powers vested upon the government vary from one state to another, based on the limitations placed over the use of the appropriated property (Larson, 2004). The three main factors that arose immediately after the Kelo ruling are responsible for these differences. These factors included the uncharacteristic dissent by the former justice Sandra Day O’Connor, the change in political and legal atmosphere in the country, and the outcry from both the media and the public concerning the ruling. Of the three, the dissent by O’Connor was the most unequivocal as she went further to document her thoughts, whi ch apparently rivaled those of her colleagues. In addition, she joined hands with a group of advocates from the property right movement, who argued that the law would not only replace homes with shopping malls, but also turn farms into factories (Weinstein, 2006). Like O’Connor, the Congress indirectly opposed the enactment of the eminent law by introducing limitation bills. The aim of the bills was to deny state or local government funds, which would necessitate the transfer of private property to other parties. However, it was very categorical in the ban, as it only prohibited those that benefited private investors. Consequently, although the laws vary among various jurisdictions, it is apparent that most of the states concur with the laws. The differences originate from the need of each State to be independent and protect the rights of its residents. Most of the states that enacted the eminent domain law introduced bills that restricted the use of the appropriated property for economic development. Others went further to define economic development as those activities that would create new job opportunities and generate revenue to the state. With this specification, it became apparent that any appropriation for private gain would be discouraged (Weinstein, 2006). Alabama serves as a good example of how States passed bills to prohibit the implementation of

Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example If it is developed in the country where monarchy system is followed, then monks would be required to live in the property. Therefore it may be concluded that it is not necessary that the idea of Trust Law will always find its origin in the English system only1. In this paper different aspects of the contemporary trust law will be studied and the importance of the beneficiary in this law would be discussed. The Origin of the trust law The historical origin of the trust can be found in the so called crusades in which the English noblemen fought and were away from England for years. The noblemen were significant land-owners in England under the feudal land system. The problem arose as to who would be using the land and in what way when the noble men were out of the country. As a consequence the rule of equity recognized that the land left unused by the noblemen, who were unable to exercise their legal rights on the other, will be used by other men. So the equity recognized an arrangemen t where the right of the noblemen will be retained. The nobleman was regarded as the person who will have the ultimate beneficial right and the person who will be benefiting from this arrangement is known as beneficiary. In the absence of the nobleman, the Stewart who accepts the charge of the land is entitled to raise taxes on the land and so on. So in such an arrangement the nobleman passes their legal rights of the land to the trusted person referred as â€Å"trustee† but the ultimate beneficial right of the property remains with the nobleman who serves as the â€Å"beneficiary†. The core duty of the trustee is to stick to the terms and condition of the trust2.Therefore the â€Å"beneficiary† is referred to have the â€Å"equitable interest â€Å"in the property3. A major traditional practitioner’s Lewin gave the following description of trust. He defined trust as â€Å"a duty or aggregated accumulation of obligations that rest upon the person descr ibed as trustee. The responsibility bestowed on him is due to the property held by him under his control. The property is compelled by the court in the equitable jurisdiction to administer in the manner lawfully prescribed by the trust instrument or where there be no specific provision written or oral, or to the extent of such provision is invalid or lacking in accordance with equitable principle†4. Problem with the Law In California, people presented petitions and pleaded for justice to the Chancellor (the keeper of the King’s conscience) stating that the property given to the trustee for their benefit was mis-applied. So the court of Chancery built up two ideas: first, â€Å"the obligation of the feoffee to uses or trustee to hold the property for the benefit of the cestui que use or beneficiary†5 and second, â€Å"the right of the beneficiary to obtain the use of the property†6. Thus this notion backed that the trustee’s obligation with regard to the property was correlative to the beneficiaries’ right in it7. A major traditional practitioner Lewin argued that the consequence is such that the benefits and the advantages accrued will not go to the trustee and in turn will go to the person called â€Å"cestui que† that is the beneficiary. The trustee may be the beneficiary in the case where the advantage accrued will be in his favor to the extent of his beneficial interest8. Importance of Beneficiary The central tension in the Trust Law is regarding the

Gamma Camera Quality Control Essay Example for Free

Gamma Camera Quality Control Essay Quality control focuses on detection of errors performance changes of gamma camera systems which may adversely affect nuclear medicine interpretation (Technical Standards Subcommittee, 1999:1). Based on already prescribed baseline conditions, routine checks are conducted to ensure that the camera operated within the allowable limits. There are quite a number of factors which may contribute to final imaging quality of a gamma ray camera. These include resolution (intrinsic and energy), uniformity, collimation and the device for hard copy (Technical Standards Subcommittee, 1999:1). Additionally, various studies have suggested like other factors like count rate ability also affect image quality of gamma ray camera. Daily QC operations are often limited to monitoring of parameters that are considered most sensitive to the performance of the system and those that are likely to affect nuclear medicine studies. This experimental review focuses on critical quality control areas of gamma camera systems. These are background/contamination check, flood field uniformity and spatial resolution (intrinsic/extrinsic) and finally the whole body scan resolution. The quality control is assisted by a SIEMENS ECAM gamma camera at the nuclear medicine department of Prince Wales Hospital. Background/contamination check This check aims to examine the gamma camera/scanning room contamination. It is recorded from the routine gamma camera QC tests. It is important to note that radionuclide contamination is not observable using naked human eye (NEMA, 1994). Such could result into the patient and the technician’s subjection to increased and unnecessary radiation doses. Contamination results from an array of factors including container leakage, patient secretion and general accidents. Additionally, increased background radiation levels may result from â€Å"hot† patient’s proximity to unshielded radiation from imaging devices (Busemann, Kugi Bergmann, 1993:896). Potential penetration through the neck of the camera is also possible in such instances where high energy agents are used. When of sufficient intensity ? 500, it could potentially sacrifice imaging quality (Busemann, Kugi Bergmann, 1993:896). Various researches have suggested that backgrounds with moderate elevation could potentially compromise intrinsic uniformity and other measurements. Results: The results from the practical put the background intensity at ? 200-400 cps (monitor observation) The result falls within the accepted limits thus significantly represented good environment for quality imaging assuming all the other factors are unaffected. Uniformity Uniformity QC checks aims at ensuring that detector’s responses to uniform radiation are kept uniform within specified limits. This is one of the basic QC tests in gamma camera applications. This is based on the fact that the camera is operated on the principle that observed differences originate from patient tracer distribution and thus the gamma camera induces no differences (NEMA, 1994). Defects in uniformity may be marked and focal for instance when photomultiplier tubes fail, and as a result of general uniformity degradation across the view field due to distorted spatial linearity/corrections for energy (Cranage Peake, 1979: 81). When uniformity is checked using a collimator, it is referred to as an extrinsic uniformity check while in such instances when a collimator is not used, it is referred to as extrinsic uniformity check (Cranage Peake, 1979: 81).

Letter to Frank in Eveline Essay -- essays research papers

Dear Frank,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have made the biggest difference in my life in so many ways. Ever since my mother died, I have had a tough time getting along with things. You helped me liberate myself, from all the troubles that I know of. How you help me from day to day is priceless and I want you to never forget how much I care about you. You know that our relationship has been stressed on a little because of my father’s relentless attempt to put an end to it. I want you to remember that we did continue to see each other because we know that he is wrong for trying to keep us apart and that we do mean a lot to each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we decided together to go away and leave everything we know of behind, I felt a bit nostalgic of the idea. I know that I am supposed to be there with you now, but I couldn’t come and I want to explain myself. This whole idea of getting married and moving away came quite quick. You are usually always sailing everywhere, and don’t have too much care for responsibility. Now you want to settle down right away, which befuddles me. I know you want to be with me and mean good, and I the same, but there are other things I must think of in all of this. Another possible problem is your tendency to spend all your money in one shot. We have to learn together to grow and be more responsible if we are to make a big change like getting married, not to mention moving away. You know that wh...

Nb Assessment

Table 21-2 SUMMARY OF NEWBORN ASSESSMENT *MCH pages 479-473| NORMAL| ABNORMAL (POSSIBLE CAUSES)| NURSING CONSIDERATIONS| Initial AssessmentAssess for obvious problems first. If infant is stable and has no problems that require immediate attention, continue with complete assessment. | Vital Signs| TemperatureAxillary: 36. 5– 37. 5 °C (97. 7 – 99. 5 °F). Axilla is preferred site. | Decreased (cold environment, hypoglycemia, infection, CNS problem). Increased (infection, environment to warm). | Decreased: Institute warming measures and check in 30 minutes. Check blood glucose. Increased: the excessive clothing.Check for dehydration. Decreased or increased: look for signs of infection. Check radiant warmer or incubator temperature setting. Check thermometer for accuracy if skin is warm or cool to touch. Report abnormal temperature to physician. | PulsesHeart rate 120 – 160 BPM. (100 sleeping, 180 crying). Rhythm regular. PMI at 3rd-4th intercostal space lateral t o mid-clavicular line. Brachial, femoral, and pedal pulses present and equal bilaterally. | Tachycardia (respiratory problems, anemia, infection, cardiac conditions). Bradycardia (asphyxia, increased intracranial pressure).PMI to right (dextrocardia-heart situated to right of body, pneumothorax). Murmurs (normal or congenital heart defects). Dysrhythmias. Absent or unequal pulses (coarctation of the aorta). | Note location of murmurs. Refer abnormal rates, rhythms and sounds, pulses. | RespirationsRate 30 -60 (AVG 40 -49) BrPM. Respirations irregular, shallow, unlabored. Chest movements symmetric. Breath sounds present and clear bilaterally. | Tachypnea, especially after the first hour (respiratory distress). Slow respirations (maternal medications). Nasal flaring (respiratory distress). Grunting (respiratory distress syndrome).Gasping (respiratory depression). Periods of apnea more than 20 seconds or with change in heart rate or color (respiratory depression, sepsis, cold stress). Asymmetry or decreased chest expansion (pneumothorax). Intercostal, xiphoid, supraclavicular retractions or see-saw (paradoxical) respirations (respiratory distress). Moist, coarse breath sounds (crackles, rhonchi) (fluid in the lungs). Bowel sounds in chest (diaphragmatic hernia). | Mild variations require continued monitoring and usually clear early hours after birth. If persistent or more than mild, suction, give oxygen, call physician, and initiate more intensive care. Blood Pressure Varies with age, weight, activity, and gestational age. Average systolic 65-95 mm Hg, average diastolic 30-60 mm Hg. | Hypotension (hypovolemia, shock, sepsis). BP 20 mm Hg or higher in arms than legs (coarctation of the aorta). | Refer abnormal blood pressures. Prepare for intensive care and very low. | Measurements| Weight2500-4000 g (5 lbs. 8 oz. to 8 lbs. 13 oz. ). Weight loss up to 10% in early days. | High (low gestational age LGA, maternal diabetes). Low (small for gestational age SGA, preter m, multifetal pregnancy, medical conditions and mother that affected fetal growth).Weight loss above 10% (dehydration, feeding problems). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Length48-53 cm (19-21 inches)| Below normal (SGA, congenital dwarfism). Above normal (LGA, maternal diabetes). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Head Circumference32-38 cm (12. 5-15 inches). Head and neck are approximately ? of infants body surface. | Small (SGA, microcephaly, anencephaly-absence of large part of brain or skull). Large (LGA, hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Chest Circumference30-36 cm (12-14 inches).Is 2 cm less than head circumference. | Large (LGA). Small (SGA). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Posture Flexed extremities move freely, resist extension, return quickly to flexed state. Hands usually clenched. Movements symmetric. Slight t remors on crying. Breech: extended, stiff legs. â€Å"Molds† body to caretaker’s body when held, responds by quieting when needs met. | Limp, flaccid, floppy, or rigid extremities (preterm, hypoxia, medications, CNS trauma). Hypertonic (neonatal abstinence syndrome, CNS injury). Jitteriness or tremors (low glucose for calcium level).Opisthotonos- extreme hyperextension of body, seizures, stiff when held (CNS injury). | Seek cause, refer abnormalities. | CryLusty, strong. | High-pitched (increased intracranial pressure). Week, absent, irritable, cat-like â€Å"mewing† (neurologic problems). Hoarse or crowing (laryngeal irritation). | Observe for changes in report abnormalities. | Skincolor pink or tan with acrocyanosis (cyanotic discoloration of extremities). Vernix caseosa in creases. Small amounts of lanugo (fine,soft downy hair) over shoulders, sides of face, forehead, upper back. Skin turgor good with quick recoil. Some cracking and peeling of skin.Normal var iations: Milia (tiny white bumps). Skin tags. Erythema toxicum (flea bite† rash). Puncture on scalp (from electrode). Mongolian spots. | Color: cyanosis of mouth and central areas (hypoxia). Facial bruising (nuchal cord). Pallor (anemia, hypoxia). Gray (hypoxia, hypotension). Red, sticky, transparent skin (very preterm). Greenish brown discoloration of skin, nails, cord (possible fetal compromise, postterm). Harlequin color (normal transient autonomic imbalance). Mottling (normal or cold stress, hypovolemia, sepsis). Jaundice (pathologic if first 24h). Yellow vernix (blood incompatibilities). Thick vernix (preterm).Delivery Marks: bruises on body (pressure), scalp (vacuum extractor), or face (cord around neck). Petechiae (pressure, low platelet count, infection). Forceps marks. Birthmarks: Mongolian spots. Nevus simplex (salmon patch,† stork bite†). Nevus flammeus (port-wine stain). Nevus vasculosus (strawberry hemangioma). Cafe au lait spots (6+) larger than 0. 5c m in size (neurofibromatosis). Other: excessive lanugo (preterm). Excessive peeling, cracking (postterm). Pustules or other rashes (infection). â€Å"Tenting† of skin (dehydration). | Differentiate patient bruising from cyanosis. Central cyanosis requires suction, oxygen and further treatment.Refer jaundice in first 24 hours or more extensive than expected for age. Watch for respiratory problems in infants with meconium staining. Look for signs and complications of preterm or postterm birth. Record location, size, shape, color, type of rashes and marks. Differentiate Mongolian spots from bruises. Check for facial movement with forceps marks. Watch for jaundice with bruising. Point out and explain normal skin variations to parents. | Head Sutures palpable with small separation between each. Anterior fontanel diamond shaped, 4-5 cm, soft and flat. Many bulge slightly with crying. Posterior fontanel triangular, 0. 5-1 cm.Hair silky and soft with individual hair strands. Normal v ariations: overriding sutures (molding). Caput succedaneum or cephalohematoma (pressure during birth). | Head large (hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure) or small (microcephaly). Widely separated sutures (hydrocephalus) or hard, ridged area at sutures (craniosynostosis- birth defect that causes one or more sutures on a baby's head to close earlier than normal). Anterior fontanel depressed (dehydration, molding), full or bulging at rest (increased intracranial pressure). Woolly, bunchy hair (preterm). Unusual hair growth (genetic abnormalities). | Seek cause of variations.Observe for signs of dehydration with depressed fontanel; increased intracranial pressure with bulging of fontanel and wide separation of sutures. Refer for treatment. Differentiate Caput succedaneum from cephalohematoma, and reassure parents of normal outcome. Observe for jaundice with cephalohematoma. | Ears Ears well-formed and complete. Area where upper ear meets head even with imaginary line drawn fr om outer canthus of eye. Startle response to loud noises. Alerts to high-pitched voices. | Low set ears (chromosomal disorders). Skin tags, pre-auricular sinuses, dimples (may be associated with kidney or other abnormalities).No response to sound (deafness). | Check voiding if ears abnormal Look for signs of chromosomal abnormality if position abnormal. Refer for evaluation if no response to sound. | FaceSymmetric and appearance and movement. Parts proportional and appropriately placed. | Asymmetry (pressure imposition in utero). Drooping of mouth or one side of face,† one-sided cry† (facial nerve injury). Abnormal appearance (chromosomal abnormalities). | Seek cause of variations. Check delivery history for possible cause of injury to facial nerve. | Eyes Symmetric. Eyes clear. Transient strabismus. Scant or absent tears.Pupils equal, react to light. Alerts to interesting sights. Doll’s eye sign- reflex movement of the eyes in the opposite direction to that which the head is moved, the eyes being lowered as the head is raised, and the reverse (Cantelli sign); an indication of functional integrity of the brainstem tegmental pathways and cranial nerves involved in eye movement. Red reflex present- reddish-orange reflection of light from the  eye's  retina. May have subconjunctival hemorrhage or edema of eyelids from pressure during birth. | Inflammation or drainage (chemical or infectious conjunctivitis). Constant tearing (plugged lacrimal duct).Unequal pupils. Failure to follow objects (blindness). White areas over pupils (cataracts). Setting sun sign- downward deviation of the eyes so that each iris appears to â€Å"set† beneath the lower lid, with white sclera exposed between it and the upper lid; indicative of increased intracranial pressure or irritation of the brain stem. (hydrocephalus). Yellow sclera (jaundice). Blue sclera (osteogenesis imperfecta- condition causing extremely fragile bones). | Clean and monitor any drainag e; seek cause. Reassure parents that subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema will clear. Refer other abnormalities. NoseBoth nostrils open to air flow. May have slight flattening from pressure during birth. | Blockage of one or both nasal passages (choanal atresia). Malformations (congenital conditions). Flaring, mucus (respiratory distress). | Observe for respiratory distress. Report malformations. | Mouth Mouth, gums, tongue pink. Tongue normal in size and movement. Lips and palate intact. Sucking pads. Sucking, rooting, swallowing, gag reflexes present. Normal variations: precocious teeth, Epstein’s pearls-Multiple small white epithelial inclusion cysts found in the midline of the palate in most newborns. Cyanosis (hypoxia). White patches on cheek or tongue (candidiasis). Protruding tongue (Down syndrome). Diminished movement of tongue, drooping mouth (facial nerve paralysis). Cleft lip, palate or both. Absent or weak reflexes (preterm, neurologic problem). Excessive drooling (tracheoesophageal atresia). | Oxygen for cyanosis. Expect loose teeth to be removed. Obtain order for antifungal medication for candidiasis. Check mother for vaginal or breast infection. Refer anomalies. | Feeding Good suck/swallow coordination. Retains feedings. | Poorly coordinated suck and swallow (prematurity).Duskiness or cyanosis during feeding (cardiac defects). Choking, gagging, excessive drooling (tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia). | Feed slowly. Stop frequently if difficulty occurs. Suction and stimulate if necessary. Refer infants with continued difficulty. | Neck/Clavicles Short neck turns head easily side to side. Infant raises head when prone. Clavicles intact. | Weakness, contractures, or ridgidity (muscle abnormalities). Webbing of neck, large fat pad at back of neck (chromosomal disorders). Crepitus, lump, or crying when clavicle or other bones palpated, diminished or absent arm movement (fractures). Fracture of clavicle more frequent in large infants with shoulder dystocia at birth. Immobilize arm. Look for other injuries. Refer abnormalities. | Chest Cylinder shape. Xiphoid process may be prominent. Symmetric. Nipples present and located properly. May have engorgement, white nipple discharge (maternal hormone withdrawal). | Asymmetry (diaphragmatic hernia, pneumothorax). Supernumerary nipples. Redness (infection). | Report abnormalities. | Abdomen Rounded, soft. Bowel sounds present within first hour after birth. Liver palpable 1-2cm below right costal margin. Skin intact. 3 vessels in cord. Clamp tight and cord drying.Meconium passed within 12-48hr. Urine generally passed within 12-24h. Normal variation: â€Å"Brick dust† staining of diaper (uric acid crystals). | Sunken abdomen (diaphragmatic hernia). Distended abdomen or loops of bowel visible (obstruction, infection, and large organs). Absent bowel sounds after first hour (paralytic ileus). Masses palpated (kidney tumors, distended bladder). Enlarged liver (infectio n, heart failure, hemolytic disease). Abdominal wall defects (umbilical or inguinal hernia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, exstrophy of bladder). Two vessels in cord (other anomalies). Bleeding (loose clamp). Redness, drainage from cord (infection).No passage of meconium (imperforate anus, obstruction). Lack of urinary output (kidney anomalies) or inadequate amounts (dehydration). | Refer abnormalities. Assess for other anomalies if only two vessels in cord. Tighten or replace loose cord clamp. If stool and urine output abnormal, look for missed recording, increase feedings, report. | Genitals| Female Labia majora dark, cover clitoris and labia minora. Small amount of white mucus vaginal discharge. Urinary meatus and vagina present. Normal variations: Vaginal bleeding (pseudomenstruation). Hymenal tags. | Clitoris and labia minora larger than labia majora (preterm).Large clitoris (ambiguous genitalia). Edematous labia (breech birth). | Check gestational age for immature genitalia. Refe r anomalies. | Male Testes within scrotal sac, rugae on scrotum, prepuce nonretractable. Meatus at tip of penis. | Testes in inguinal canal or abdomen (preterm, cryptorchidism). Lack of rugae on scrotum (preterm). Edema of scrotum (pressure in breech birth). Enlarged scrotal sac (hydrocele). Small penis, scrotum (preterm, ambiguous genitalia). Empty scrotal sac (cryptorchidism). Urinary meatus located on upper side of penis (epispadias), underside of penis (hypospadias, or perineum.Ventral curvature of the penis (chordee). | Check gestational age for immature genitalia. Refer anomalies. Explain to parents why no circumcision can be performed with abnormal placement of meatus. | Extremities| Upper and Lower ExtremitiesEqual and bilateral movement of extremities, Correct number and formation of fingers and toes. Nails to ends of digits or slightly beyond. Felxion, good muscle tone. | Crepitus, redness, lumps, swelling (fracture). Diminished or absent movement, especially during Moro r eflex (fracture, nerve injury, paralysis). Polydactyly (extra digits). Syndactyly (webbing) Fused or absent digits.Poor muscle tone (preterm, neurologic injury, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia). | Refer all anomalies, look for others. | Upper ExtremitiesTwo transverse palm creases. | Simian crease (normal or Down syndrome). Diminished movement (injury). Diminished movement of arm with extension and forearm prone (Erb-Duchenne paralysis). | Refer all anomalies, look for others. | Lower Extremities Legs equal in length, abduct equally, gluteal and thigh creases and knee height equal, no hip â€Å"clunk†. Normal position of feet. | Ortolani and Barlow tests abnormal, unequal leg length, unequal thigh or gluteal creases (developmental dysplasia of the hip).Malposition of feet (position in utero, talipes equinovarus). | Refer all anomalies, look for others. Check malpositioned feet to see if they can be gently manipulated back to normal position. | BackNo openings observed or felt in ve rtebral column. Anus patent. Sphincter tightly closed. | Failure of one or more vertebrae to close (spina bifida), with or without sac with spinal fluid and meninges (meningocele) or spinal fluid, meninges, and cord (myelomeningocele), enclosed. Tuft of hair over spina bifida occulta. Pilondial dimple or sinus. Imperforate anus. | Refer abnormalities.Observe for movement below level of defect. If sac, cover with sterile dressing wet with sterile saline. Protect from injury. | Reflexes See table 21-3. | Absent, asymmetric or weak reflexes. | Observe for signs of fractures, nerve injury, or injury to CNS. | TABLE 21-3 SUMMARY OF NEONATAL REFLEXES *MCH page 493| REFLEX| METHOD OF TESTING| EXPECTED RESPONSE| ABNORMAL RESPONSE/POSSIBLE CAUSE| TIME REFLEX DISAPPEARS| Babinski| Stroke lateral sole of foot from heel to across base of toes. | Toes flare with dorsiflexion of the big toe. | No response. Bilateral: CNS deficit. Unilateral; local nerve injury. 8-9 mos| Gallant (trunk incurvation )| With infant prone, lightly stroke along the side of the vertebral column. | Entire trunk flexes toward side stimulated. | No response: CNS deficit. | 4 mos| Grasp reflex (palmar and plantar)| Press finger against of infant’s fingers or toes. | Fingers curl tightly; toes curl forward. | Weak or absent: neurologic deficit or muscle injury. | Palmar grasp: 2-3 mos. Plantar grasp: 8-9 mos| Moro| Let infant’s head drop back approx. 30?. | Sharp extension and abduction of arms followed by flexion and adduction to â€Å"embrace† position. | Absent: CNS dysfunction.Assymetry: brachial plexus injury, paralysis, or fractured bone of extremity. Exaggerated: maternal drug use. | 5-6 mos| Rooting| Touch or stroke from side of mouth toward cheek. | Infant turns head to side touched. Difficult to illicit if infant is sleeping or just fed. | Weak or absent: prematurity, neurologic deficit, depression from maternal drug use. | 3-4 mos| Stepping| Hold infant so feet touch soli d surface. | Infant lifts alternate feet as if walking. | Asymmetry: fracture of extremity, neurologic deficit. | 3-4 mos| Sucking| Place nipple or gloved finger in mouth, rub against palate. | Infant begins to suck.May be weak if recently fed. | Weak or absent: prematurity, neurologic deficit, maternal drug use. | 1 yr| Swallowing| Place fluid on the back of the tongue. | Infant swallows fluid. Should be coordinated with sucking. | Coughing, gagging, choking, cyanosis: tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, neurologic deficit. | Present throughout life. | Tonic neck reflex| Gently turn head to one side while infant is supine. | Infant extends extremities on side to which head is turned, with flexion on opposite side. | Prolonged period in position: neurologic deficit. | May be weak at birth; disappears at 4 mos|

Sources Of Water Pollution And Environmental Impacts

Sources of Water Pollution and Environmental Impacts For both countries there are various sources where pollutants found in water are derived. There are two types of water pollution, known as point source and nonpoint source. As defined by Chiras and Reganold, in Natural Resource Conservation: Management for a Sustainable Future, point source has an identifiable source, for example a sewage treatment plant or a factory, which contaminates either surface water or groundwater (283). Nonpoint source water pollution is defined as not from a specific source, for example farmland, streets, and lawns where chemicals are released into surface water and groundwater supplies (283,285). Chiras and Reganold also explain that there are 7 chemical†¦show more content†¦From research presented in 2000, â€Å"It [was] estimated that agricultural sources such as crop and livestock runoff account for 59 percent of the reported water quality problems in the United States† (Moore, Parker and Weaver). There are various ways agriculture runoff pollutes water. As a non-point source, the majority of water pollution caused by agriculture is due to sediment. Farmlands near a surface water-source, such as lakes or rivers, are polluted due to the soil. As explained on the EPA website, soil enters the bodies of water where the particles cloud the water; the soil that enters the sources cause a hazardous chain reaction. Plants in the water dependent on the sun do not receive sufficient sunlight, and are unable to grow properly. Consequently, organisms that feed off the plants do not receive sufficient nutrients; the insufficient amount of nutrients obtained moves up the food ladder; those organisms have to consume more to obtain their required amounts of nutrients. Additionally, because of the cloudy water, caused by the soil, the gills of fish are blocked, and bottom dwellers are covered with sediment; this leads to the death of those and other organisms in the water-source that were dependent on the fish and bottom dwellers; there is also a reduction of oxygen. Through sediment other elements also pollute the water. Both surface and ground water experiences pollution; ground water is polluted because the elements seep into the earth. The EPA